Plato Essays (1532 words) - Adolescence, Animation, Cartoon Violence

Plato And Conservative Christians The views of Plato back in Ancient Greece and that of conservative Christians today about education for children have surprisingly similar views. Plato thought it to be most beneficial for children, if their learning consisted of music and poetry to shape the soul, and of physical training to shape the body. However, only stories that were fine and beautiful should be selected. Stories that co ained falsehoods should be banned along with passages that teach fear of death. The teaching should be done in moderation, only the good endings should be taught and only good deeds of heroes should be told. Conservative Christians today believe in many of the same ideas as Plato. Instead of music and poetry to shape the soul, the Bible should be the primary learning tool. Only shows that are non-secular and do not contain references to evolution should be allowed for children to watch. Shows that portray death to children should be monitored by parents. At the heart of these ideas, is the concern with cartoons and the effect they have on young children. This way of thinking does more harm to children then it does to protect them. By shielding them from what actually goes on in this world, i.e. death, sex and non religious views, you are setting them up for a harder time of understanding these concept when they are faced with them in real life. Cartoons can be a wonderful way of exposing children to the evils of this world in a less harmful way. Children are able to relate to cartoons in a special way that we as adults are unable to do. Because of the young age of the children in question, eir innocence is not lost and cartoons have a magical way of relating issues on a program to those that are prevalent in real life. Take for instance the idea of death that is seen in ?The Lion King' or ?Bambi'. This is the perfect segway for parents to start to teach their children about death. This allows children to see death in a non-realistic way and also gives them the curi ity to ask their parents about it. Parents should not shy away from a subject like this. Death is such a part of life that it needs to be explained to children at the earliest possible time that they are able to comprehend it in just the least. Just ink how much more difficult it would be trying to explain to a five year old that his mother has died, if you as a parent have never even mentioned the notion of death and what it entails to that child. That child would have such more difficulty unders nding that his mother is never coming back if he had been shielded from ever seeing death. There is the argument that you should protect a child's innocence for as long as possible because once its gone it will never return. There is merit in this argument. However, you have to make the decision on whether you want protect a child for a couple of more years, or explain to them the trials of life and in doing so, making it easier for them to comprehend this world when they are older. A child that never learns about death, will never be able to embrace it and to realize that death is not an ending but a new beginning. Everyone is going to experience death at some point in there life and by learning at a young age what death actuall entails will make it easier for that child when faced with the situation. Cartoons are given too much credit for shaping the way that young children think and behave. Adults are giving cartoons this credit because they can look at them and see subtleties because they are older and have so much more education. Children on the other hand are watching these cartoons solely as entertainment. They are not comprehending any underlining political or social message these cartoons may be conveying. If there are any political or social messages contained in cartoons, then they e intended for adults and will only be understood by adults. This also can be applied to the issues regarding death, sex, and violence in cartoons. A good majority of children don't watch cartoons to learn, but rather as a form of entertainment. Violence that is seen in cartoons by children is very rarely, if er emulated by them. If it is in fact

10 consejos para lotería de green cards gratis de USA

10 consejos para loterà ­a de green cards gratis de USA Todos los aà ±os se celebra la loterà ­a de green cards para Estados Unidos, conocida tambià ©n como sorteo de visas de la diversidad y la participacià ³n en la misma es gratuita. Para inscribirse, la pgina de internet oficial del Departamento de Estado se activa  este aà ±o el dà ­a 3 de octubre de 2018, a las 12 am hora EST, es decir, la de la costa Este de los Estados Unidos y se cerrar el 6 de  noviembre de 2018 a las 12 am EST. No se admitir ninguna solicitud enviada en papel, es decir, solo es posible participar por internet. No es necesario pagar a ninguna empresa, ya que cada solicitante puede aplicar por sà ­ mismo, una sola vez por aà ±o, en la à ºnica pgina oficial -la del Departamento de Estado- y gratuitamente. A continuacià ³n, todo lo que se debe saber antes de aplicar. 1.  ¿Cuntas tarjetas de residencia se sortean en la loterà ­a de visas de diversidad? Cada aà ±o fiscal se sortean 50.000 visas de diversidad, que se conoce por sus siglas en inglà ©s como DV pero que a pesar de su nombre son tarjetas de residencia. En octubre se abren los plazos para inscribirse y a principios de noviembre se cierran. En mayo del aà ±o siguiente comienzan a listarse los ganadores y a procesarse las tarjetas de residencia y en septiembre de ese aà ±o ya est acabada toda la tramitacià ³n para que los ganadores puedan emigrar a Estados Unidos. La razà ³n por la que el plazo se abre en octubre y se finaliza todo el proceso para los ganadores hasta del 30 de septiembre del aà ±o siguiente es porque en Estados Unidos el gobierno federal sigue lo que se conoce como aà ±o fiscal, que va desde el 1 de octubre al 30 de septiembre, es decir, no se corresponde con el aà ±o natural que va desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre. Asà ­, por ejemplo, en el 4  de octubre de 2018  es, para el gobierno de los Estados Unidos, el aà ±o fiscal 2019. Y se escribe FY2019  o FY19. Eso quiere decir que si una persona decide  participar en la loterà ­a dicho 4 de octubre de 2018, se registrarà ­a para la loterà ­a de diversidad del aà ±o 20, porque en octubre de 2018 que es cuando los ganadores podrà ­an ya emigrar a Estados Unidos, ya es el aà ±o fiscal 2019. Es confuso, pero es asà ­. Por eso se puede ver la expresià ³n DV2020, Diversity visa 2020, para la que hay que registrarse en octubre del 2018. 2.  ¿Quià ©nes pueden solicitar participar en la loterà ­a de visas? Este sorteo se conoce como loterà ­a de la diversidad. Su objetivo es provover la inmigracià ³n de paà ­ses con bajas tasas de migrantes. A consecuencia de ello, quedan excluidos de participar los ciudadanos de paà ­ses con ms de 50.000 nuevos inmigrantes en Estados Unidos en los à ºltimos 5 aà ±os, como por ejemplo Inglaterra, China o India. La lista de paà ­ses excluidos puede modificarse de aà ±o a aà ±o. En el sorteo de este  aà ±o  no pueden participar los nacionales de los siguientes paà ­ses latinoamericanos: Brasil, Colombia, El Salvador, Mà ©xico, Perà º y Repà ºblica Dominicana. Por nacionalidad en este contexto se entiende paà ­s de nacimiento.  Existen excepciones  por razà ³n de la nacionalidad de los padres o la del cà ³nyuge,   En ningà ºn caso pueden participar los indocumentados, cualquiera que sea su nacionalidad.   3.  ¿Es gratis participar? Sà ­, enviar la solicitud es absolutamente gratuito. Hay empresas que cobran por llenar el formulario. Pero es decisià ³n de cada participante utilizar esos servicios o no. Se puede hacer gratuitamente en la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado. Sin embargo, si se gana el sorteo se deber pagar la cuota correspondiente a las visas de inmigrantes. Adems, Estados Unidos no paga jams por gastos de mudanza o ayuda econà ³micamente al nuevo inmigrante cuando llega nuevo al paà ­s. Hay que tener muy en cuenta que ciertos beneficios sociales como cupones de alimentos y Medicaid no aplican durante aà ±os a los inmigrantes adultos. Tambià ©n hay que saber que aunque se gane la loterà ­a es posible que el consulado niegue su aprobacià ³n por diversas causas, entre ellas se encuentra que se considere que la persona  puede ser una carga econà ³mica para el gobierno. 4.  ¿Quà © posibilidades tengo de ganar la visa de la diversidad? El total de visados se divide en seis zonas geogrficas correspondiendo un mayor nà ºmero a Africa, ya que es el rea con menos inmigrantes en Estados Unidos. Ningà ºn paà ­s puede obtener ms del siete por ciento del total de visas disponibles. Para hacerse una idea de quà © posibilidades hay estos son los à ºltimos datos oficiales de los resultados del sorteo de la DV de 2014, seà ±alando entre parà ©ntesis el nà ºmero de ganadores que posteriormente hicieron todos los trmites y obtuvieron la green card: Argentina (73)Bolivia (26)Chile (24)Costa Rica (25)Cuba (302)Ecuador ese aà ±o no pudo participar, pero este aà ±o sà ­.Espaà ±a (183). Entra en Categorà ­a EuropaGuatemala (44)Honduras (38)Nicaragua (2)Panam (7)Paraguay (1)Uruguay (9)Venezuela (802) Espaà ±a participa en el rea de Europa, mientras que los paà ­ses latinoamericanos y caribeà ±os forman una à ºnica zona geogrfica a la que le corresponde aproximadamente un dos por ciento del total de todas las visas de diversidad disponibles cada aà ±o fiscal. Se calcula que en Latinoamà ©rica, por cada ganador hay al menos 99 personas que no tuvieron suerte. 5.  ¿Cà ³mo puedo participar y cà ³mo me entero si he ganado? Cuando se abre el plazo - generalmente los primeros dà ­as de octubre- y sà ³lo en la pgina de internet del Departamento de Estado. Mucho cuidado con webs que casi copian a las oficiales y no lo son. Cuando acabas la inscripcià ³n vers un nà ºmero que debes imprimir y guardar. Sà ³lo lo tienes tà º y te permitir ir mirando, a partir del mes de mayo del aà ±o siguiente, si has ganado ingresando esos dà ­gitos en la pgina oficial del DoS para ese fin. Puede que tengas que verificar varios dà ­as, ya que no se cuelgan en la red todos los ganadores el mismo dà ­a. Jams habr una notificacià ³n por correo electrà ³nico. Si recibes una, son falsas, no pagues absolutamente nada y denuncia los casos de estafa. No permitas que te estafen. 6. Si gano,  ¿quiere eso decir que tengo seguro una tarjeta de residencia? No, y por varias razones. Algunos de los ganadores se lo piensan mejor y deciden no emigrar a Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n es frecuente que el consulado encuentre que se ha utilizado fraude en la solicitud, anulando el resultado. Pero es que adems de ganar es siempre necesario ser  admisible para emigrar a Estados Unidos. En algunos casos, si no se reà ºnen los requisitos ser posible solicitar un perdà ³n o waiver para la residencia. 7. Si gano,  ¿quà © familiares me pueden acompaà ±ar? En primer lugar, el esposo o la esposa. Tiene que ser un matrimonio vlido, no es suficiente una unià ³n de hecho. Puede tratarse de un matrimonio entre un hombre y una mujer o de uno entre lesbianas o gays, ya que desde junio de 2013 el gobierno federal de Estados Unidos reconoce los mismos derechos a las parejas heterosexuales y a las homosexuales. El esposo o la esposa pueden ser de un paà ­s excluido de la posibilidad de participar en la visa. Simplemente ganarà ­a la tarjeta de residencia como cà ³nyuge de un ganador/a. Tambià ©n podrn emigrar con el ganador los hijos biolà ³gicos y adoptados asà ­ como los hijastros que està ©n solteros y tengan menos de 21 aà ±os en el momento de rellenar la solicitud para participar en la loterà ­a. Entre los requisitos para que la aplicacià ³n sea vlida es la de listar a todos los hijos vivos menores de esa edad, excepto los que ya vivan en EEUU como residentes permanentes o ciudadanos americanos. Si no se incluye un hijo, y luego se gana, todo el proceso se anular y no se obtendr la green card. 8.  ¿Quà © derechos tendrà ­a como residente permanente? Los principales son vivir y trabajar en Estados Unidos. Si bien hay una serie de responsabilidades que cumplir como pagar impuestos o tener la residencia habitual en USA. Y hay que tener muy claro que no se es ciudadano americano y que hay importantes diferencias. 9.  ¿Me puedo hacer ciudadano americano? Sà ­, mediante la naturalizacià ³n los residentes permanentes se convierten en estadounidenses, siempre y cuando cumplan una serie de requisitos y se respeten los plazos, que varà ­an segà ºn los casos. 10.  ¿Participar en la loterà ­a de la diversidad me puede causar algà ºn problema? Lo cierto es que no hay una respuesta absoluta, pero sà ­ que hay un riesgo, aunque pequeà ±o. La razà ³n es que cuando se participa en este sorteo se est diciendo que se tiene intencià ³n de emigrar a Estados Unidos. Y la solicitud es ingresada en la base de datos a la que pueden acceder los consulados, el Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y los oficiales de las aduanas. Y esa intencià ³n de emigrar a Estados Unidos contradice la ley de algunas visas no inmigrantes como la de turista y la de estudiante, que dicen que el beneficiario no puede tener intencià ³n de emigar. Y de ahà ­ puede surgir el problema. Esto no quiere decir que si se participa en la loterà ­a el solicitante no va a poder obtener una visa o que la que ya tiene se va a cancelar o a no renovar, pero sà ­ que debe saberse que los oficiales consulares y las aduanas tendrn en cuenta la participarcià ³n en el sorteo a la hora de decidir si conceden una peticià ³n de visa o permiten la entrada a Estados Unidos de un extranjero. Cà ³mo solicitar la participacià ³n en la loterà ­a de visas Este es el enlace a un paso a paso de cà ³mo aplicar para la loterà ­a de visas y que contiene un acceso a la pgina oficial y gratuita para inscribirse. Recordar que solo se puede acceder a la pgina oficial del Departamento de Estado a partir del martes 3 de octubre de 2017.   De interà ©s para potenciales inmigrantes Una de las principales razones por las que se decide emigrar a los Estados Unidos son las econà ³micas, por esta razà ³n se considera de interà ©s saber cules son las 10 nacionalidades de hispanos en Estados Unidos ms exitosas econà ³micamente, cunto ganan y dà ³nde viven. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World Term Paper

Ethics and Corporate Responsibility in the Workplace and the World - Term Paper Example The end use customers of the products offered by the company are also stakeholders who are impacted by the operations of the company. It can also be seen that the regulatory authorities who oversee the operations of the company are also regarded as the other stakeholders in this particular case. 2. The concept of ethics is primarily concerned with differentiating between something that is good from bad (Robbins, 1993). By any standard, it can be seen that the conduct of PharmaCare in Colberia is unethical as a result of the fact that the indigenous population is treated in a bad manner compared to its executives. First and foremost, it can be seen that the healers in this area have volunteered to give their knowledge for free whilst the company is generating lots of revenue from this practice. The other issue is that these indigenous workers work for only $1 per day and they walk for five miles into the jungle to harvest the plants required for manufacturing medicine. These indigenou s people also carry heavy loads on their backs which can weigh as much as 20 pounds. The other issue of concern is that the indigenous workers live in primitive huts that do not have electricity or running water. Overall, the activities of the company in Colberia have destroyed the habitat in the area as well as endangered native species. However, the executives of PharmaCare live in a luxury compound that is comprised of a tennis court, golf course and swimming pool. The compound is electrified and it has running water. This is in stark contrast with the miserable lives being led by the majority of the residents of Colberia who are also the labourers at the above mentioned company. This practice amounts to exploitation and it should not be condoned since it is designed to enrich other people at the expense of the local people who should also benefit from their natural resources. The practice by the company shows that it does not take into account the concept of corporate social res ponsibility in its practice since it totally ignores the needs and interests of the indigenous people who are also supposed to be beneficiaries from the resources that are being plundered by a foreign company. 3. Allen has no legal basis to fire Ayesha, Donna and Tom. These people raised genuine issues that should be dealt with in an amicable way instead of firing them. Ayesha raised a complaint that she has not been promoted by virtue of being a Muslim. This is regarded as discrimination and it has no room in a democracy. All employees should be treated as equal and important to the organization. Donna got sick from the bad working environment in the company and filed for worker’s compensation. This is a genuine case given that the employer has an obligation to make sure that the workplace environment is safe and clean for the benefit of the employees. Thom has also threatened to file a complaint with OSHA as a result of the poor working environment of PharmaCare Company. Ac cording to the United States Department of Labour (nd), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Act of 1970 states that companies must ensure â€Å"safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women.† It can be seen that Allen cannot legally fire the three mentioned people above since they have genuine complaints. Otherwise, any attempt to fire them will discredit the company since it may be viewed as engaging in unethical practices by different

Strategic Leadership for Organizational Improvement Assignment

Strategic Leadership for Organizational Improvement - Assignment Example The good use of resources can ensure that a hospital operates effectively. To manage the resources of the hospital I would appoint an industrial engineer for the job. Investing in a good management team can make a lot of difference in the bottom line of the hospital. The most valuable asset in most organizations particularly in hospital settings is its human capital. Recruiting top talent in the medical field has become a very difficult task due to the shortage of medical professionals available in the marketplace. Today hospitals often recruit new doctors from foreign locations. A hospital that is run effectively has a higher employee retention rate because the workers achieve employee satisfaction. The industrial engineer on staff should also be in charge of the project management function at the hospital. The use of project management and logistics can help streamline a business operation. Hospitals that are able to increase the motivation and morale of the employees are able to a chieve higher levels of performance. The two statements concerning change and the involvement groups have in change are true to a certain extend. I think that groups sometimes inhibit the ability to implement change whenever subcultures are built among the members of the group. For instance in a company many social groups might form that have the ability to influence the behavior of others. Peer pressure influences the behavior of members of the group. Members of groups want the acceptance of the other members. These social interactions among groups within a company negatively impact the power hierarchy within the organization. Sometimes another member of a group has more influence over the work behavior of an employee than his boss. The second statement which says that the only effective way to implement lasting change is through involving groups can also be true depending on the circumstances. In work settings where there is a lot of inertia and friction among the workers sometime s the best way to shake things up to improve the situation is by rearranging the workers in group units. An effective group is one that achieves high levels of task performance, member satisfaction and team viability (Schermerhorn, et al.). The general manager of the hospital has to monitor the work of the different teams to ensure that social loafing does not occur within the teams. Social loafing occurs when people work less hard in teams than they would individually. The most effective size for groups is between five to seven members. The five stages of group developing that will occur in the different teams are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. One of the critical variables that must be present in order for change to occur is for the managerial staff to have good communication with the employees. The use of technology can enhance communication in the workplace. Honest, inspiring, forward-looking, and competent are important characteristics for a leader to h ave. The characteristic out of these four that I would consider least important is inspiring. A leader has to be honest. Honesty is associated with attributes such as respect, acceptance, and prestige. A manager has to have the capability to visualize the future by forward looking. The general manager of a hospital facility should have a detail plan of the operation for at least a year. One of the aspects that should be evaluated using forward

Politics of US Environmental regulations on drilling, pipelines, Essay

Politics of US Environmental regulations on drilling, pipelines, refineries - Essay Example In the background part, the overview of the drilling process, oil drilling types, and key environmental considerations is given. It is followed by the analysis of the US oil reserves and resources, with regards to the variety of opinions about them (from optimistic to pessimistic). One of the central issues of the US drilling politics is the regulation of further offshore drilling. In this light, two alternative viewpoints are being examined: the first is â€Å"pro-drilling†, advocating the expansion of existing offshore drilling initiatives, based on such arguments as the state energy independence and job opportunities. The second is â€Å"pro-regulation†, critical about the progression of offshore drilling and about the impact of oil drilling in general, supported by environmental considerations and economic analysis. Key governmental documents are being examined in connection with these two tendencies. In this paper, we support the sustainable development view that e conomic and social needs should always be balanced with environmental considerations; that is why, little support is given to the dangerous industrial plans of oil explorations and development, but the existing objections are also being approached cautiously. Oil Drilling Process The Procedure of Oil Exploration and Development Oil resources are found in various environments. They are classified according to these environments into onshore and offshore crude oil resources. This distinction is politically significant, as offshore drilling accounts for most of the US oil recoveries: for instance, in 2009, IHS estimated that deepwater offshore oil discoveries were 6 times bigger (as measured by barrels) than the onshore discoveries (IHS, Role of Deepwater Production in Global Oil Supply). Exploration and development of the onshore crude oil is technically different from that of the offshore oil; hence, they will be described separately. It takes several stages for the oil resource (tha t is, â€Å"the total amount of oil in place, most of which can’t be recovered†) to become the oil reserve, or â€Å"the amount of oil that can be recovered economically with existing technology† (Rapier). Roughly sketched, these stages involve: Geologic and geophysical prospecting (the analysis of the potential place for well) Exploratory drilling (making drills, logging, and different analyses of the reservoir) (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 69-82) Primary drilling (usually commercially inefficient) (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 84) Secondary and tertiary, or enhanced, recovery (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 85). Later, the oil has to be separated from gas and water; it also has to undergo other preparatory procedures before being transported for commercial, communal, and industrial use. It is important that scientific exploration of the oil reservoirs also involves drilling; it continues 2 to 6 mont h and has the success rate (meaning the discovery of profitable reservoirs) of approximately 25% (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 76). This means that noise and damage to soil and local ecosystems on the stage of exploration affect 5 times more territory than that for later oil development. Offshore exploratory drilling also requires land use for meteorological and diving stations? (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 77). The very recovery of oil from the reservoir is possible due to the difference in pressures, as it is shown on the picture 1 (from Centre for

Company Act 2013 Analysis

Company Act 2013 Analysis Introduction The awaited new company Act 2013 has replaced the 1956 Act with prime objective to counter the present day challenges and in line with rapid developments, integrations, globalisation of financial markets and growing economy of the world by Lok sabha on 18 Dec 12 and in Rajya sabha on 08 Aug 13, has been received Hon’ble president assent on 29 Aug 13. The new act emphasized changes and improvised governance structure business-friendly corporate regulations, modification of e-management, enforcement, share holder protection, enhanced accountability, improved institutional structure, enhanced disclosure norms, efficient merger acquision, introduce the role of whistle blowers, one Person Company, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) changes. The Companies Act, 2013 not only simplifies the mergers, acquisitions and restructuring process but also modifying the previous constraint, regulatory body like National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)and facilitates an effective impact on w orld business environment. This paper is analysis of the Company Act 2013 regarding modification and new initiative taken in the field of MA framework and trying to prove that the new MA structure is in line with global context and in improving the efficiency and smoothness of doing business in India. Objectives The prime objective of this paper is to establish a healthy comparison between Companies Act, 2013 and Company Act 1956 regarding MA process. To evaluate the new initiative taken and its impact. To find out the possible measures or necessary step to overcome the existing lapses. Scope Scope of the study is limited to study the new regulation and mostly focusing on the new development of as per Company Act, 2013. Limitation The new Company Act, 2013 has become fully implemented from 01 Apr 2014. So the actual output and the consequences the corporate sector faced cannot be measured in this sort time horizon. Further the paper is based on the secondary data so the realistic situation may be different. Research Methodology This paper is an exploratory type research and based on the secondary data information from the following sources, Research journal available online, Article published in magazine news paper, various websites blogs, media reports and personal interaction interview of professional on media. Literature review Maximum references is taken from the ‘Company Act, 2013: Rules, Circulars Notifications’ published by Ministry of Corporate Affairs, India, which emphasise the all aspect of company rule regulation. Reports of various agencies like PWC, India’s report on ‘ Company Act,2013, Key highlights and analysis’, Nov 2013,Deloitte’s ‘Company Act, 2013, Fresh thinking for a new start’, Oct 2013, Assocham’s, ‘Mergers and acquisitions in the era of Company Act, 2013’ Feb 2014, Ernst Young LLP’s report on ‘India Inc Company Act 2013 an overview’, Sep 2013 and KPMG India’s analysis on ‘Company Act 2013, New Rules of the game’, Oct 2013, which were emphasise on the business friendly corporate regulation, improved CG norms, enhance accountability, raise levels of transparency and protect interest of investors. Development of Company Act The expedition of Companies Act, 2013 as follows: 2008  On 23rd October 2008, Companies Bill, 2008 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to replace existing Companies Act 1956. It is based on the recommendation of J.J. Irani committee 2012 The Companies Bill, 2012 was introduced and got its assent in the Lok Sabha on 18 December 2012. 2013 Companies Bill, 2012 was passed by the Rajya Sabha on 8th August, 2013. After having received the assent of the President of India on 29 August 2013, it has now become the much awaited Companies Act, 2013. The Act comprises of 29 chapters, 470 clauses 7 schedules. The key high lights of Company Act, 2013 are the extent of subordinated legislation. Which contain 300 references in the Act to rules which may be prescribed to implement and operational. New Initiative and changes: 1. Simplifying procedures for restructuring [section 230-232] To provide for a simpler and faster process of mergers and acquisitions, the new Company Act provides following initiative like: (a) Fast track merger[section 233]: In 2013 Act contains provisions that merger process between 2 or more ‘small companies’ and between a holding company and require approval of ROC, OL, members holding at least 90% of total number of shares and majority of creditors representing 9/10th in value. This will taking less in the High Court (NCLT under 2013 Act) process and will facilitate easy completion of the process. (b)Multilayer investment subsidiaries [section 186]: In 2013 Act One of the measures adopted to prevent money laundering and to ensure transparency is to restrict one’s ability to set up multiple investment companies. (c) Registered Valuers [section 247]: For valuation to be made in respect of any property, stocks, shares, debentures, securities, goodwill or other assets or of net-worth or liabilities under 2013 Act, will be done by a person registered with the Government as a valuer. Registered valuer shall be appointed by the audit committee. (d) Minority buy-out [section 236]: The New Act has introduced new 6 provisions relating to minority buy-back which will provide greater flexibility to the promoters/ acquirer in realigning the control and management. The key provisions like purchasing capacity of share holder having more than 90% holding, act under the SEBI Regulations, price determined by a registered and provision of delisting guideline etc. 2. Outbound merger: 2013 Act introduced provision for an Indian company to be merged with a foreign company and vice versa which will require prior approval of RBI under FEMA rule. 3. New types of companies permitted: One person company (OPC) whose paid-up share capital does not exceed INR 0.5 crore or whose turn over does not exceed INR 2 crore would be a private company. These companies enjoy more choices and flexibility. 4. Objection by minority: Objection to the compromise or arrangement can be made only by persons holding not less than 10% of the shareholding or having outstanding debt of not less than 5% of total outstanding debt as per the latest audited balance sheet which will save the companies from being dragged in long drawn court (NCLT under 2013 Act) process by minority holders who is holding even single share. Threshold will ensure that merger / demerger etc. process moves smoothly and swiftly in accordance with the law. 5. Postal Ballot Voting by Postal ballot through post / electronic mode is made applicable to all companies. 6. Buy-back of securities To provide to shareholder in a joint venture an exit in a tax efficient manner or to reward shareholders Buy-back of security has often been used. Under 1956 Act, it is possible to carry out more than 1 buy-back in a financial year as long as conditions were complied with. 2013 Act has restricted the ability of a company to do multiple buy-backs of securities. 7. Other changes: Approval threshold i.e. Compromise or arrangement would require approval by a majority representing 3/4th in value of the creditors and members. The scheme of compromise and arrangement need to be compliant with the Accounting Standards and Auditor’s Certificate to that effect needs to be filed with NCLT in accounting treatment. Valuation report to be given to shareholders / creditors along with notice convening meeting for a compromise or arrangement. The notice for compromise or arrangement need to be given to CG, Income tax, RBI, SEBI, Stock exchanges, ROC, OL, CCI, if necessary, and other sectoral regulators / authorities, to enable them to make representations. Participation and resolution for compromise or arrangement need to be passed through Postal ballot. Treasury stock: Holding of shares in its own name or in the name of trust whether through subsidiary or associate companies by the transferee company as a result of the compromise or arrangement will not be allowed and any such shares shall be cancelled / extinguished. Takeover Offer may be included as a part of compromise and arrangement in the manner as may be prescribed in rules issued by SEBI. Merger of listed into unlisted company: In case of compromise / arrangement between a listed transferor company and an unlisted transferee company, NCLT may provide that the transferee Dispensation of meeting of creditors: Meeting of creditors can be dispensed only if 90% of the creditors in value agree to the scheme by way of affidavit. Combining authorized capital on amalgamation Minority shareholders Exit route: After passing resolutions at board meeting and not by circular resolution, the proposal of amalgamation, merger or reconstruction can be considered and approved by Board of directors only by The scheme of compromise or arrangement shall clearly indicate only one appointed date from which date the scheme shall be effective not at a date subsequent to the appointed date Capital reduction will require approval of NCLT. Comparison analysis: 1. For outbound cross-border deals The Companies Act, 1956 does not permit. The Companies Act, 2013 allows, subject to RBI approval, both inbound and outbound cross border mergers and amalgamations between Indian and foreign companies. 2. The Companies Act, 2013 states that an application need for the Tribunal to make compromise or arrangement involving CDR, with matters like (a) A report by the auditors of the company about fund requirements after the CDR will conform to a liquidity test (b) A valuation report in respect of the shares and the property and all assets, tangible and intangible, movable and immovable, of the company by a registered valuer. The Companies Act, 1956 does not contain any specific provision regarding a high court approval of a CDR scheme 3. Under the Companies Act, 2013, the Tribunal will not sanction a scheme of capital reduction, merger, acquisition or other arrangement unless the accounting treatment prescribed in the scheme is in compliance with notified AS and a certificate to that affect by the company’s auditor has been filed with the Tribunal. Currently, SEBI has done this job. 4. The Companies Act, 1956 does not prohibit companies from creating treasury shares under the scheme. The Companies Act, 2013 prohibits such practices. 5. The Companies Act, 2013 clarifies that the merger of a listed company into an unlisted company will not automatically result in the listing of the transferee company. There are no such provisions under the Companies Act, 1956. 6. Under the existing Companies Act, 1956 any shareholder, creditor or other interested person can raise objection. However, under the Companies Act, 2013, only persons holding not less than 10% of the shareholding or having outstanding debt not less than 5% of the total outstanding debt, can raise objections to the scheme. 7. The Companies Act, 2013 empowers the Tribunal to dispense meeting of creditors if 90% or more of such creditors or class of creditors (in value terms) agree to scheme through affidavit. Though the Companies Act, 1956 does not provide such action. 8. Under the Companies Act, 1956 the terms â€Å"undertaking† and â€Å"substantially the whole of undertaking† are not explicitly defined. Under the Companies Act, 2013 provide the specific definitions of above. 9. The Companies Act, 2013 prohibits a company from making investments through more than two layers of investment companies subject to certain exceptions. There is no such restriction under the Companies Act, 1956. 10. The Companies Act, 2013 includes specific provisions requiring the company to send a notice of the scheme inviting objections/suggestions from inter alia the Income tax authorities, RBI, Competition Commission of India and such other sectoral regulators or authorities likely to be affected by the scheme. Currently, the Companies Act, 1956 does not require such notification to regulators/authorities. 11. The Companies Act, 1956 does not have specific entrenchment provisions (akin to veto rights). However, the Companies Act, 2013 stipulates that the articles of the company can include entrenchment clauses. 12. The Companies Act, 2013 also includes specific provision stating that contracts or arrangement between two or more persons as regards share transfer be enforceable as contracts. There are no such specific provisions under the existing Companies Act, 1956. 13. Under the Companies Act, 1956 preference shares are mandatorily redeemable within a period of 20 years. However, the Companies Act, 2013 will permit companies with infrastructure projects to issue preference shares, which are redeemable beyond 20 years, 14. The Companies Act, 2013 introduces the well-recognized internationally concept of class action suits in India Steps for improvement To improve and to make efficient the MA regulation, there needs to be address the interests of wider stakeholders including financial institutions, minority stake holders, employees, customers, vendors, regulators and the society at large. Effective system having following points Effective, diversified and independent board that is able to challenge management on its strategic choices Clearly defined roles for board and management Constructive board meetings Robust monitoring of business performance Management assurance like management controls, internal and external audit Openness and transparency in dealings with stakeholders A constant effort to improve accountability and drive better performance by focusing on the most substantive issues The ability of the board and management to work together in defining the optimum business model for success The ability to identify, access and manage emerging risks Conclusion With rapidly changed global environment, there is a requirement for adopting and sustaining good Governance practices for value creations and building corporations of the future which contains the measures practices regarding merger acquisition fast track process, protection of shareholders interest etc. The Companies Act, 2013, adds robust and progressive new provisions with investor-friendly regulation and also retains the old provisions. The 2013 Act features some new provisions in the area of mergers and acquisitions, apart from the existing provisions by simplifying and rationalising the procedures involved and ensuring higher accountability for the company. It is definitely take some time for implementation from which we can derive further more relevant information and result of company act. There are some part of this act which is still need to be relooked but overall while compare with other globally accepted company law like Japanese model, European model and American Anglo -Saxon model. Whereas no model/rule/regulation are perfect and better but the initiative taken for improvement must be considered as the first step towards growth and flourishing keeping the view of current changing scenario.

Chlamydia Trachomatis Essay -- Essays Papers

Chlamydia Trachomatis Introduction: Chlamydia Trachomatis is the organism responsible for diseases such as trachoma and the STD Chlamydia. Chlamydia is the most common STD in the United States, with about 4 million new cases diagnosed every year. The Organism & it’s Life Cycle: Chlamydia are obligate intracellular parasites, and are among the smallest living organisms. There are two stages in the life of Chlamydia: elementary bodies and reticulate bodies. Another feature of Chlamydia is that they are unable to synthesize their own energy (ATP) and are completely dependent on their host for energy. The organism is in the elementary stage of its life when it encounters its host and is taken up by phagocytosis. It prevents the fusion of the phagosome and lysosome; this is what normally kills pathogens. Once the phagolysosome formation is stopped, the bacteria secrete glycogen and transform into the reticulate body. Reticulate bodies obtain their energy by sending forth â€Å"straw-like† structures into the host cell cytoplasm, and they divide by binary fission. Each phagolysosome produces about 100-1000 reticulate bodies. Virulence Factors: The cell wall of Chlamydia has been characterized as gram negative with a notable difference: it lacks muramic acid that is found in the cell walls of most other bacteria. This makes Chlamydia resistant to _-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin, because such antibiotics disrupt the â€Å"typical† cell wall, which includes muramic acid. Being gram-negative, it also contains LPS, which helps cause damage to the host’s body(mainly due to the host’s immune response). Once inside the host, chlamydia bind sialic acid receptors, which are usually found in mucous-rich environments. Antigenic variation is ... ...nant women and neonates (that are infected with Chlamydia), erythromycin is the drug of choice. Chlamydia may be difficult to completely eradicate, but in the past few years, the incidence rates have been steady, and with planning and spreading information about it, we can attack the overwhelming incidence rate and curb the spread of Chlamydia. References: 1) University of Wisconsin. http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/lecturechlamydia 2) CDC. Recommendations for the Prevention and Management of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections, 1993 http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021622.htm 3) Schaechter, Engleberg, Eisenstein, and Gerald Medoff (1999). Mechanisms of Microbial Disease. Third Edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4) MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001345.htm

American Indians (Native Americans) Drug And Alcohol Use

People who engages in substance abuse like drugs, alcohol and tobacco have their own different reason, some maybe complicated but whets evident is that the society plays a significant role why theses people are involve in substance abuse. The consequence for this abuse is seen in our hospitals and emergency departments through the direct damage to health by substance abuse and its relation to physical trauma. Those who are jailed and go to prison are known to have a strong connection to substance abuse and dependence.A high percentage of this substance abuse is very evident among the American Natives. American Natives are the indigenous people from the region of North Africa now encompassed by the continental United States. They comprise a large number of distinct tribes and ethnic groups, they are also known as American Indians or the first nation’s people. American Indians represent a unique population within the U. S not only because of their oppression suffered from the de velopment of the country but also in gaining recognition. The long history of oppression in the U.S. had a devastating effect on the health and well-being of the natives. The history of these people includes the colonization, outlawing their practices and languages and forced relocation, which created the mistrust on the U. S programs. This event continues to affect the experiences of the natives which are impacted by poverty, ill health, family violence and drug and alcohol abuse. According to the survey made by the National Household survey on Drug Abuse about fifty percent of teenagers nowadays are engage in alcohol drinking.The figures show that 80 percent of these are Natives youth engaging in both alcohol drinking and drug use. This happens because these youths are predisposed to different factors like cultural conflict, post-traumatic stress and low self esteem that increase the risks of these youth to additional hazards in their environment. (Gale 2000) According to the repo rts made by the NSDUH, among the other racial groups, American Indians suffer from substance abuse greatly. The National Drug survey and health examines the rates of substance abuse like drugs and alcohol among the American Indians aged 12 and older.During 2002-2005, American Indians aging 12 and above are already engaged in alcohol drinking. American Indians male shows a high percentage of drinking than those of the other racial groups in the past year. This report also shows that American Indians have high percentage than other racial groups in terms of drug use and disorders. (Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders among American Indians and Alaska Natives 2007) A national Indian Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention task Force was established under the National Congress of American Indians in September 2000.This aim for the leadership involvement and expand the efforts and membership of the National committee to include a wider and more diverse geographically representative group of Tribal leaders throughout Indian Country. This helps prevent the tribes, tribes’ leaders, elders, adults and youth recognize the value of preventing alcohol and substance abuse to preserve the overall well being of the community, the culture and traditions. It developed and established a strong political leverage that will support initiatives for alcohol and substances abuse prevention in Indian country.It also aims to improve the incidence of alcohol and substance neglect for any adult and youth and to recognize that prevention must take place for all our people, not just early life and that it is a long development. Approximately 1. 5% of the U. S is composed of these Native Americans which are American Indians, and with this high percentage is the problem it inflicts as well. Traditional natives’ values when clashed with the values of the domain society, cultural conflict arise. Native youth are mostly affected by this are caught up in confusion about their identity and self image.Conflicts arise in coping up with their adolescence as well as to their identity as an Indian. This may produce a harmful effect in terms of the racial discrimination and oppression that they may get involve with because of their native background, hence this becomes a factor for native youth to engage in alcohol and drug abuse as a form of an escape from the society to which they belong. Because of the pressure and the stress due to the cultural conflict related to the low socio-economic status among the natives this causes a great increase in the risks of those who are engaged in alcohol and substance abuse.Acculturation is one of the many factors why natives engage in substance abuse. This is a stressful and causes a lot of conflict for the natives in order to cope with the stress and pressure alcohol and drug use are often the coping mechanism in this situation. An approach used to prevent substance abuse among the American Indians is called bicultural c ompetence skills. This approach helps American Indian youth to combat the substance use and its related problem. This was first advanced by LaFromboise, wherein its way is to blend the adaptive values and roles of both the culture in which they are raised and by which they are surrounded.Its roles are in the knowledge and practice in communication, coping, and discrimination skills which provide the theoretical foundation in the prevention of substance abuse to the American native’s youth. Knowledge and practice in the bicultural skills can occur through cognitive and behavioral principles drawn from the social learning theory. Directed by learning theory, cognitive values of information, problem solving, and self-instruction can be merged with behavioral principles of nonverbal and verbal communication, coaching, and social network building.(Schinke 2007) This gives the American Indians to individualize themselves for them to for the better coping up abilities and helps mana ge stress related situation. This approach gives them an idea of the things that they are not familiar with and with this adaptation through learning is much easier. DISCUSSION National attention to the health hazards and societal costs attributed to substance abuse use led to sharply decreased tolerance for any use of elicit drugs or abuse of elicit drugs alcohol and tobacco.The percentage of young people reporting substance use has been high although out the United States even those belonging to the ethnic groups like the American Indians. Many factors are to be considered on why these groups of people engage in alcohol and substance abuse. American Natives known as the American Indians are one of the widest ethnic groups that are in the United States. Although consider a minor to many, this group of people have high increase in problems that are associated with drinking and substance abuse like the use of drugs.This Minority like in other people in the state are in the over use o f drugs and excessive drinking. Factors like stress, pressure among the youth especially with teens, coping mechanism for some and most of all the oppression and culture conflict that arises are the contributors to the high percentage of Native Americans misuse of alcohol and drugs. Reports shows that a high percentage of these Native comprises of the most involved racial group in substance abuse and disorders. Even the minors are drawn out from this type of scenarios.Among the racial groups in the United States, 60% of these people are engage in alcohol and drug use including the youth and still continue to rise. This is one of the major problems that are encountered by the Government in the States and the American Indians leaders. Cultural conflict this is one of the predisposing factors why substance abuse and disorders arises. When the culture of the American Indians are collides with the dominant groups, conflicts arises specially to the beliefs and values of these Natives. Dis crimination usually occur creating confusion and loss of self esteem among the natives.The imposed culture is cannot easily be integrated by the natives causing a confusion and dilemma within their part. In order to cope up with this situation this people find drinking and drug use a form of an escape from the pressure of the domain society they are in. It has been very crucial for the Native Americans to adjust to the culture that is imposed to them given to them because of the less support and rights they are getting from the Government. It has caused them a lot of stress to incorporate all the beliefs and values that they have no knowledge about causing a great struggle to the culture they are brought up with.This high incidence of drinking and drug abuse is also very evident among the American Indians youth. At the studies that was conducted in the United States regarding minor drinking and drugs use, a high percentage of this comprises the American Indians youth. Mostly the rea son why youth are engage in these activities is because of the peer pressure they are involved with. This problem of the youth regarding their peers is mostly about the racial issues they are in, in order to identify themselves with the domain society they tend to follow what is done by those people regardless if its beneficial for them or not.Youth of the American Indians are on a very critical situation because of the Native background they have. Due to this culture conflict still arises and it is hard for the teens to identify themselves and tend to loose their own identity because of the presented situation. Due to this pressure arises among other youths and in order for them to identify and belong they are easily influenced to engage in drinking and drug abuses. Another factor why Natives have a high percentage of alcohol and drug abuse is that in terms of their economic status.Most of the natives have a low socio-economic life that is very evident in the type of living they ar e in. Since the natives are given less recognition and support their economic life has not improved since. Due to this as a created pressure is added to the natives causing them to withdraw from the society and engage in drinking. This drinking becomes habitual and eventually becomes an excess or over use causing drinking related disorders. Some after engaging in drinking also use drugs as a form of escape to the reality that is against them.Problems that arise because of this factor is very evident among the Natives now even the yearly surveys regarding the American Natives shows a high and still rising percentage of drugs and alcohol misuse. These Natives are not given much recognition and are oppressed mainly of their rights that it is why it is hard for them to cope up with the environment and imposed culture that they are in. The society plays much of a big role on how these Native Americans are persuaded to engage in alcohol drinking. The society that they are in accepts drink ing in their culture where it is seen to the daily activities of these people.Not ware of the damage it has on them because of the domain society’s involvement in this they tend to engage on it as well hoping that this would help them in coping up with the society. Alcohol has become the primary substance of abuse among American Indians. It has accounted of about 62% of all those who have been admitted of those being treated. The prevalence of this alcohol abuse is high on both men and women. Marijuana is the most elicited drug of choice among American Indians, it was reported that 12% of those being admitted are treated because of this.Drug abuse and excessive alcohol has a great impact on health. Most of those who engage in this are predispose to the different problems regarding their health. Alcohol has a great effect on the body as this cause depression to the central nervous system, as a depressant it has a great effect on the functions of the brain. Most of the people t hat are engage in excessive alcohol drinking have been reported to have brain malfunction causing a slow impulse and movement in the brain. Alcohol causes liver disease and most of the people who are alcoholics die because of the liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis which is fatal.Those that are into drinking are also at risk to cancer and sexually transmitted diseases. Drugs interfere with the brain's ability to take in, sort, and synthesize information. They distort perception, which can lead users to harm themselves or others. Drug use also affects sensation and impairs memory. Many approaches have been used in order to compensate in the high percentage of the Native Americans that are engaged in alcohol and drug abuse. Programs like youth organization have been established for better self actualization and esteem building which provides the framework for the youth.Peer support groups and other programs ranging in traditional cultural practices like dancing, sweat lodge, or oth er ceremonies are initiated to provide a sense of feeling of the individual’s tribal pride and unity would be transmitted. The Indian Alcohol and Substance Abuse program was developed by the U. S. government. This has been established by the public law 106-553, which provides the funding and technical assistance to federally recognized government to plan, develop, implement and enhance tribal justice strategies involving alcohol and crime related and substance abuse.The objective of this program is to establish a multidisciplinary advisory team plan, to implement and monitor the propose strategy. It identifies and prosecutes individuals who illegally transport and distribute and used the alcohol and substances to tribal communities. The government also established a National Indian Alcohol and Substance Taskforce which assists the tribe leaders and their youth in the prevention of alcohol and substance abuse and assist to their personal healing, recovery and lifetime wellness .It also helps in the improvement of the life of the American Indians families and communities in enhancing their cultural preservation, the upholding in the dignity and autonomy of the Indian Nations. It also gives focus to leadership and deals with the devastating problem of alcohol and substance abuse of the country. This task force is working with the federal government Agencies in obtaining a consistent funding to support the different programs regarding the alcohol and drug abuse. The U. S. Department of Justice supports tribe groups’ efforts to deal with alcohol and substance abuse in communities where Natives live.This community is composed of the Indian tribes and native villages which they create an appropriate approach to address the alcohol and substance abuse. The Government provides the resources needed by the Indian Countries in order to create the awareness, conduct prevention and intervention that would help control alcohol and drug abuse. The government is a lso giving privilege to the tribal leaders to create policies that would help in eradicating alcohol and drug abuses among the Natives. 90% of arrests that have been reported by the Tribal law enforcement are caused by alcohol related problems.The arrests made were conducted on the small group of individuals in the community comprising of the tribal justice system, health service system and family support system. This law enforcement taskforce often experience high violent crime and offenders that are associated with drug and alcohol abuse which make it hard for the tribal communities to keep peace and order. The drug Court Discretionary Grant program is one the many programs that helps aid and fund assistance to the states, courts and local services that is needed to help the government to lessen the alcohol and drug offenders.This program is aimed on nonviolent offenders and is targeted to implement a drug court based components. It supports the drug court implementation and impro vement of the technical assistance that is directed to the National Dug court Training and Technical Assistance Program in increasing the knowledge of those that are in the drug court practitioners plan to carry on efficient drug programs giving emphasis on the roles and trainings that would develop teams and coordinated study on treatment system. The Nevada Urban Indians, Inc.substance abuse program is dedicated to providing quality outpatient treatment. Efforts are made to help each client become aware of the relationship between substance use and the effects it may have on the individual’s life. The client deals with feelings and behaviors that are a result of substance abuse or dependency. It is a program concerned with the culture and helps attempt to guarantee that the client is treated with respect. In this program the client is to learn the impact of substance abuse to their life.Its goal is to restore the client’s life productively and to help the client to le arn ways on how he/she would be able to adapt to the changes and the different stressors that are present nowadays. The department of education has provided a safe and drug free program on the schools, this provides the support on the school to help assist in the communities in preventing drug and alcohol abuse and violence. This program grants the technical assistance and training for the school.The American Indian Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (AIRRTC) identify the need to address the increase dependency of American Indians to drug and alcohol. Many research findings shows that alcohol and drug abuse among the American Indians are often associated with certain circumstances in their lives which affects the rate of employment opportunities to American Indians because of the myth that is tagged to the American Indians. Employees that are American Indians are in struggle to get a job because of they are faced with employers that stereotypes them.All these programs are m ade available by the Government in the attempt to help improve the increasing percentage of the American Indians that are engaged in alcohol and substance abuse. Aiming to somehow if not totally eradicate but lessen the incidence of the Natives involvement in substance abuse. These programs somehow are trying to aid the level of living and acceptance of the natives regarding their situation and help to somehow uplift the standard of that living. CONCLUSIONAlcohol and drug abuse are known to be a major health problems on American Indians nowadays. Efforts in the treatment and prevention of this may be more effective if the approach that it is going to undergo is if the native’s way and beliefs are also incorporated. It is not enough that programs are established but what is important is that it is implemented and actions are taken among the leaders to actually put into works all the said programs that have been funded by the Government.It is important also to involve the Nativ es in the different programs that the government has for them not only those that are engaged in alcohol and drug abuse but also those that are not in order to prevent them from doing the same thing. It is important that the youth are educated regarding the harmful effects of drugs and alcohol to them and it is important that they are able to identify themselves on the community they belong. It is important that the American Indians youth are given the emphasis because of the developmental stage they are in.Parents should be able to give the support and information needed to their minors in order to reduce the alcohol and drug related problems. It is important when addressing to this situation the culture of the American Natives is not neglected and should be given a more emphasis. The culture that they belong would help improvement in understanding why these natives are engaged in alcohol and drug abuse. Through the Government and other leaders could develop a program not only for the improvement of those under the substance abuse but even those that are risk for it.It is important that the programs that are implemented would coincide with the beliefs or the culture of this people so that it would not be hard for them to integrate the programs they are undergoing. It is important that the Natives are aware of the effects of drugs and alcohol to their body as this is significant in their health. It is important also that the government should somehow recognize the other needs of these Natives that are contributing to the prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse.It is important that every aspect should be examined in order to give a better option for the improvement of the programs that are addressed to these situations. Health care facilities should also be readily available to the Natives; this would aid in the awareness to their health and would somehow improve their knowledge regarding the effects of these abusive substances to their health. The government and the Natives leader should coordinate with each other more often so that the needs and improvements regarding the treatment and other related problems regarding these natives are addressed.Support and recognition should be given to these natives. It is important that they should be given the same privileges and recognition as those of the domain society. They should not discriminated instead the culture and beliefs that they have should be respected so that this would help boost the moral confidence of the Natives and would aid in determining their identity I therefore recommend further studies should be conducted on the Native Americans response regarding the treatment and the program should be further evaluated.The programs are in the right path of addressing to the problem but there is lack of support and people that are engage are not enough to meet the demands of the high percentage of alcohol and drug abuse. References: American Indians and Alaska Natives in Substance Abuse Tre atment: 1999. 2002. The DASIS report:1-4. Gale, Nancy. 2000. Fighting Alcohol and Substance Abuse among American Indian and Alaskan Native Youth. ERIC Digest. . ERIC Digest. Gordon, Jacob U. 2005. Managing Multiculturalism in Substance Abuse Services: Sage Publications Inc. Jeanette Valentine, Judith Ann De Jong, Nancy Jean Kennedy. 1998.Substance Abuse Prevention in Multicultural Communities. 1-12 vols. Vol. 12: Haworth Press. Mario De la Rosa, Richard Bernard Segal, and Lopez. 1999. Conducting Drug Abuse Research with Minority Populations: Advances and Issues. 1-14 vols. Vol. 14: Haworth Press Schinke, Steven P. 2007. Preventing Substance Abuse among American-Indian Adolescents: A Bicultural Competence Skills Approach. Pub Med Central Journal List. Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders among American Indians and Alaska Natives. 2007. The NSHUD Report:1-4. Stimmel, Barry. 1984. Cultural and Sociological Aspects of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse: Haworth Press.

Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2Essay Writing Service

Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2Essay Writing Service Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2 Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment part 2Essay on Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment  part  1Entrepreneurship models’ analysis and comparisonAbove all, Akio Morita and Marcel Bich were true entrepreneurs convinced of the correctness of their assumptions about the global markets for consumer goods despite the existing rules of the game, and the history proved their market assessment to be right.In particular, Baron Marcel Bich’s skills included a unique ability to feel the market condition of disposable products of mass consumption. His goal was to saturate the mass market with cheap, reliable products that could be thrown away after they fulfilled their intended purpose. Bich’s strategy was to identify the products that are used every day and yet are so expensive that instead of throwing away their owners try to repair them. He focused on the simple and obvious things and did not let anyone stand in his way.Indeed, disposable culture was the product of mind of a rebel, an image-breaker and a workaholic who did not listen to anything but his intuitive belief. Marcel Bich ignored the opponents who predicted his defeat in almost any market he entered. For example, the shaving accessories market industrial specialists including the Gillette said that the potential market for disposable products is less than 10% of the safety razors consumer market, while Marcel Bich predicted that could take 50% or more of the razor market (Landrum, 1993). His rightness manifested so vividly that it struck himself and shocked the entire industry only a few years after the start of production he possessed more than 60% of the market. Marcel Bich is now a recognized genius innovator who stands behind the whole culture of disposable things. The recipe of his successful innovations is to attack new and unknown markets with the following philosophy: concentrate on one product used by everyone every day and make it durable and cheap. His prophetic advice to innovators around the world encourages them to iterate professionals and listen only to oneself as he reached success because he did not listen to anyone’s but his own advice.Akio Morita followed a similar idea. Making decisions about the development of new products, he would always say: â€Å"Sony creates markets† (Collins and Porras, 2004) Akio Morita believed that supply generates demand and not vice versa, and denied market research conducted by the largest US firms to justify each of their business decisions. When asked why Sony did better than American companies, Akio Morita replied that America is a society of excuses; no one takes responsibility; American manager no longer wants to make decisions. Even the most solid market research could predict that Sony Walkman would be a success, moreover that it would be a sensation and cause the emergence of numerous imitations (Morita, 1986).Thus, Morita and Bich had an intuitive way of thinking clas sical for innovators. Intuitive-thinking leaders see new perspectives that can be explored, new programs for the development, new organizational structures that can be implemented, new buildings that can be constructed. Intuitive-thinking leaders can revitalize staff, mobilize energy and create vibrant and sustainable change. Such leaders have a specific charisma – the charisma of ideas, as Stokes, Wilson and Mador (2010) rightfully mark. Powerful and clear image of a new dream is a source of great power. As a result, both Akio Morita and Marcel Bich were guided by the strategy of making dreams come true by taking risky decisions that could result in big profits.One of possible explanations for this entrepreneurial courage was an active creative temperament of these managers unique in its nature. Thus, basing on Collins and Porras (2004) study, Akio Morita gained energy from the events of the outside world, and according to Carl Jung classification of personality types, he wa s an extrovert. He saw the world of business as a big picture, that is, as a whole. Akio Morita saw the forest rather than the trees when evaluating opportunities. Akio Morita made decisions in a reasonable and objective manner typical for technical education he received. Akio Morita’ temperament based on the intuitive way of thinking gives the right to classify him as a creator of a point of view or a system.In turn, Marcel Bich can be called a dynamic workaholic. An introvert, he got his energy from the inner world of ideas, emotions and experiences, and he had developed intuition that allowed him to see a large picture of the world. According to Jung’s typology, Marcel Bich belongs to INTP type (introversion, intuition, thinking, perceiving), which makes him a tireless, thinking and acting innovator. Bich was also a representative of the vanguard of the leading figures of culture. Studies have also shown that this type of person is very creative and endowed with log ical thinking (Bornstein, 2004).In addition, Marcel Bich was hazardous, and, like most fans of competitions, was not afraid to take a big risk for the sake of great potential. His trade developments show greater propensity to take risks, and in his rare statements in the media, he used the terminology of athletic competitions. He focused on winning, which naturally did not arose big love for him in the establishment. For example, French bankers for a long time refused to credit him justifying this by his excessive carelessness. Marcel Bich could not forgive that to them are used their services only in cases of emergency (Landrum, 1993). Similarly, Morita always sacrificed the present for the future making any business decisions. His success, the success of Sony, and the success of Japanese business is largely determined by the desire to compete. This desire is a direct consequence of the fact that the life of the Japanese people is uncertain, and this uncertainty is based on the dai ly struggle for survival. Japanese encounter daily danger from birth every year they face typhoons and tsunamis, their land is constantly shaken by life-threatening earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Their land has no natural resources other than water, and less than a quarter of the land is suitable for agriculture and living. Akio Morita (1986) believed that this constant threat to life left its mark on the psyche of the Japanese and made them ruthless in competition, strive to extra-achievements and preserve what they have.Morita’s commitment manifested in how aggressively Sony entered a new market, categorically attacking competitors: suffice it to recall the advertising slogans of Sony: â€Å"The One and Only†, â€Å"It’s a Sony†, â€Å"Like.No.Other† (Sony Official Website, 2014). On the other hand, New York Times once called Bich the most fast-moving entrepreneur: competitors were constantly amazed at the speed of its penetration to a new market and its development; bankers were confused by his impetuosity (Landrum, 1993). In the speed of moving toward his goals was his strength, and scaring away the others, it became his way to success. In this regard, Bornstein (2004) claims that most people in the world do not achieve their goals because they never actually put them in the first place. This makes the major difference between successful innovators and average people. Real creators form and control the environment on their own, while an average person rather adapts to the existing environment. Maslow has also confirmed this through his study, concluding that a self-actualizing creative personality shows to be independent, autonomous, and self-directed, however, only 10% of the population are self-actualized and are able to select simple, elegant solutions out of chaos and complexity (Zimmerer and Scarborough, 2005). And yet, this ability proves to be fundamental to all successful innovators and entrepreneurs and is most evident in the performance by Byron Marcel Beach and Akio Morita.At the same time, in spite of their natural passion to risk, neither Bich nor Morita were committed to achieving instantaneous success. On the contrary, the emphasis on long-term macro-economic requirements of mass market was predominating in their business philosophy, making it strategic entrepreneurship, under Wickham (2006) terminology. For instance, based on the long-term prospects, Morita decided to locate a plant in San Diego, long before it became necessary (Collins and Porras, 2004). In totally Japanese tradition, he also never considered there first technological developments as failures, but rather as an investment into the company’s experience. As a result, later innovative developments by Sony have always been ahead of their competitors and immediately entered the mass usage, becoming simply irreplaceable. In turn, the market philosophy of Marcel Bich based on the creation of products radically opposite by their consumer cycle – i.e. cheap and non-renewable products, has also been closely linked to time and its society. Creating a culture of disposables, with some mysterious instinct, Bich caught the emerging needs of the generation that was in constant rush and was not willing to waste time on repairing consumer products. The generation of â€Å"future shock† already appeared by that time, and each of innovators considered here contributed to its growth and strengthened its consumer habits in the long run.ConclusionGenerally, the assessment of module MGT6A3 outcomes puts us in front of the idea that today, in an increasingly unpredictable and competitive dynamic economy and a rapidly changing business environment, companies need a new type of manager an enterprising leader whose behavioral norms differ from those of a classical business leader.On the one hand, new management challenges are related to the new global strategies and approaches to diverse human resources. The global market leads to necessity to take into account the specifics of hundreds of thousands of cultures, while the current history of management abounds with examples of companies that proved unable to find a way to foreign markets or simply failed.On the other hand, as Deakings and Freel (2009) claim, managers increasingly agree that the boundary between entrepreneurs and business leaders becomes blurred and fuzzy. Leaders are beginning to use an entrepreneurial approach to business and it is the way the next generation of leaders is brought up in. Both entrepreneurs and business leaders must possess strong communication skills, be energetic, flexible, determined, self-reliant when it is necessary to rely on intuition, to be visionaries. Entrepreneurial Leadership is based on the leader seeing oneself as an entrepreneur that runs one’s own business. From Entrepreneurship in the Global Environment course we have learnt that leaders of this type (Zimmerer and Scarborough, 2005; Stokes, Wilson and Mador, 2010; Bornstein, D., 2004):take the initiative charging people with energy, act as if their role in the company is not just important, but critical,demonstrate entrepreneurial creativity, constantly look for new opportunities and use them,take risks, dare to initiate new risky business projects, set the strategic direction and inspire their people,take responsibility for the failure of their team, learn from these failures and use them as a stepping stone to the success and strategic achievement.Entrepreneurial leadership requires a lot of self-confidence to think, behave and act as an entrepreneur in order to implement the company’s plans for the benefit of all its players. Tenacity and aggressiveness guided Marcel Bich and Akio Morita on their way to dominance in their business around the world, as we have shown it in this paper. Unshakable self-confidence, exceptional self-esteem and simply extraordinary intuition all focused o n achieving the goals and never let these entrepreneurs down. Farsightedness, commitment and rebellious spirit led them to enter new markets with new ideas and concepts that had never existed before. They both broke the established traditions and they created their own trade organizations contrary to the opinion of competitors, distributors and investors who believed that the task was impossible. While the majority of the industry leaders were too conservative to indulge in dangerous waters the innovators usually sail in, Marcel Bich and Akio Morita ignored the traditional trading companies and created their own means of moving towards success. These outstanding entrepreneurs used their talents to improve the world, and each one who aspires to become an innovator should try to learn from them to develop this remarkable skill.

The Effects of Green Tea On Your Health †Health Essay

The Effects of Green Tea On Your Health – Health Essay Free Online Research Papers There have been more than 5000 years history of drinking tea in China, and drinking tea had become a part of the traditional Chinese culture (Mc Carthy). A long time ago, Chinese herbalist doctors had found the benefits of tea for human body. Nowadays, more and more people enjoy the tea across the world. According to recent research, drinking tea, especially green tea can not only refresh your energy, and calm your temper, but also can prevent cancer, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Most tea researchers focus on the benefits of green tea to prevent cancer (Tyler). Two Purdue professors, D. James Morre, and Dorothy Morre found that NOX proteins are on the surface of cancer cells to increase the size of cancer cells and finally cause cancer cells to divide. However, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which are found in green tea can fight against NOX proteins and sequentially inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Fortunately enough, the EGCG doesn’t harm the healthy tissue when it kills cancer cells. In addition, green tea has good effects on curing heart disease. A number of researchers have found that flavonoids in green tea can lower the risk of heart disease and decrease the number of people death from heart disease, because flavonoids prohibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein which causes atherosclerosis and inhibits the formation of blood clots. They recruited 1900 patients who have heart disease and divided them into three groups: non-drinker, moderate drinker (less than 14 cup per week), and heavy drinker (14 or more cup per week). During the next 3.8 years, 313 patients died, among whom 75 percent were from heart disease. After conducting some statistics, researchers concluded that the death rate in moderate tea drinker group was 28 percent lower than in non-drinker group, and death rate in heavy tea drinker group was 44 percent lower than in non-drinker group. Furthermore, green tea can help prevent rheumatoid arthritis because tea comprises plenty of polyphenols that have antioxidant properties, and the antioxidant activities can weaken the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. According to a study from CWRU’s School of Medicine Study, mice which were injected with the virus of arthritis were used; such arthritis was similar to rheumatoid arthritis in human. Eight (44 percent) out of the 18 mice that were given green tea developed arthritis; in contrast, 17 (94 percent) out of the 18 mice that weren’t given green tea developed arthritis. In addition to preventing cancer, heart disease, and rheumatoid arthritis, green tea also has other health benefits, such as remedying inflammation and decreasing the aging process of brain (Tyler). Green tea is also cheap beverage which everyone can afford. Researchers suggest that people should drink tea frequently for their health and they have been trying to make some green tea food in order to let more people gain the healthy elements from green tea. Green Tea Can Help Prevent Rheumatoid Arthritis. Science Daily. 27 Mar. 2006. Case Western Reserve University. 27 Mar. 2006 . Maclure, Malcolm, James E. Muller, Jane B. Sherwood, and Murray A. Mittleman. Steeped in Research: Tea Linked to Survival After Heart Attack. American Heart Association. 05 July 2002. 27 Mar. 2006 . Mc Carthy S. TO Your Health. Vegetarian Times (2004). EBSCO. Monterey Peninsula College, Monterey. 20 Mar. 2006. Tyler, Varro E. Prevent Cancer with Green Tea. Prevention (2001). Health Source. EBSCO. Monterey Peninsula College, Monterey. 20 Mar. 2006. Research Papers on The Effects of Green Tea On Your Health - Health EssayThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsGenetic EngineeringResearch Process Part OneArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export QuotasCapital PunishmentThe Fifth Horseman

Did Credit Rating Agencies do good work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Did Credit Rating Agencies do good work - Essay Example Data is collected from secondary sources considering the importance of statistical data for reaching a conclusion. A proper analysis and evaluation is done to understand the findings of the study and indicate the key factors underlying the report. Introduction-Background The essential role of the Credit Rating Agencies have been particularly highlighted during the period of global economic crisis in 2008 which affected even the strongest economies in the world. The Credit Rating Agencies essentially served the main purposes of mitigating the asymmetrical information system existing in the markets between the investors and the businesses in requirement of financing modes, bringing a solution for the collective action issues existing in the market and solving the major agency problems existing in the economies. After the global financial crisis of 2007-2009 affecting all the economies of the world, it was stated by many researchers that the financial system followed in the GCC countrie s were much more equipped to cope with the economies following the conventional financing systems. The financial crisis of 2008 proved that the Credit Rating Agencies are not full proof in predicting the defaults that may occur in the market in future and the over dependence on the credit rating Agencies can be considered as one of the primary reasons underlying the cause of the global financial disruption. The Credit Rating Agencies, though regarded as powerful institutions have several drawbacks like information asymmetry and conflict of interest which often have negative impacts on the businesses and the economy has a whole. The effect that the global financial crisis had on the creditworthiness of the various economies throughout the world is depicted below: (Source: International Monetary Fund 2) Literature Review Credit Rating Agencies are regarded as influential institutions which can impact the market and the survivor of the companies and economies by influencing the directi on and working of the market through their effective rating mechanisms. But there exist debatable views on the actual effect of the Credit Rating Agencies on the market where some researchers have pointed out the Credit Rating Agencies more effectively react to the occurring of the events in the market than anticipate the events. The role of the Credit rating Agencies is critical for an economy which was especially reflected during the global financial crisis in 2008. The anticipatory or follower roles of Credit Rating Agencies are critical from the viewpoint of financial stability of a country or an economy. If the Credit Rating Agencies play an anticipatory role in the market, the ratings given by them are critical for influencing the financial stability and the policies in the economy. Conversely, if the Credit rating Agencies are only followers of the events in the market, then their ratings and actions do not have major impact and only end up reflecting the condition of the mar ket and the information gathered from the market events (Kiff, Nowak and Schumacher 159). There are many theories proposed over time relating to the role of the Credit rating Agencies as influential institutions in the normal as well as crisis situations prevailing in the economies. The major theories presented

Impact of performance evaluation on employees motivation and Literature review

Impact of performance evaluation on employees motivation and productivity - Literature review Example 9 2.6 Performance Evaluation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 2.6.1 Different appraisal methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 2.6.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of an Appraisal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 2.6.3 Limitations of Performance Appraisal†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 2.7 Factors that affect Productivity†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦......20 IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ON EMPLOYEES MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY (A Case Study) 2. Literature review 2.1 Introduction Performance evaluation is an aspect of organizational progress that facilitates productivity and innovation. Performance evaluation looks at the issues that lead to progress in the daily activities of employees. Performance evaluation links the goals and objectives of an organization with the individual actions and behavior. Organizations set standards for measuring performance evaluation against performance (Armstrong 2006). Such standards guide the daily performance of employees and give a level ground for measuring success. Performance evaluation aims at enabling employees to follow procedures and guidelines that are in line with the aims and objectives of an entity. Such conduct gets looked at by evaluating the conduct of employees alongside set organizational standards. Performance evaluation in many entities determines the punishment and reward that gets accorded to employees. This shows that individuals have to behave in a certain manner in order to realize the diverse performance measures set by their entity. Failure to obey the rules may lead to loss of job, lack of bonuses, stagnation, and demotion at the work place. This indicates that performance evaluation has the ability to influence motivation and productivity in the workplace (Waal 2007). Moreover, the human resource function uses performance evaluation as a tool of ranking the level of employees in the entity. Organizations must have the capability to objectively distinguish employees in relation to performance. This should happen to al employees in an organization. Employees who are underperforming should get the assistance and opportunity to progress. Leaving poor perf ormers in the entity sends incorrect signals to other individuals who are performing well. Successful employees should be recognized for the effort put in daily operations. Performance evaluation is a critical facet of the human resource function (Bohlander, Snell, & Sherman 2001). As a result, employees should be subjected to reasonable appraisal methods. These methods must be understandable in terms of their relevance to all individuals in the entity. This will make workers behave in a way that is pleasing to the organization. However, this does not signify that things go as intended in performance evaluation. Organizations have been blamed of not following the correct process in guiding the actions of employees. This in turn influences motivation and productivity in the organizational context (Waal 2007). In conclusion, performance evaluation has led to the success of numerous organizations. Handling performance evalu